Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus, KEK Indonesia dikembangkan dengan tujuan menciptakan pertumbuhan ekonomi, pemerataan pembangunan, dan peningkatan daya saing. Hingga tahun 2019, telah ditetapkan 12 KEK, dan 10 diantaranya telah dibangun dan beroperasi yaitu KEK Sei Mangkei, Tanjung Lesung, Palu, Mandalika, Galang Batang, Arun Lhokseumawe, Tanjung Kelayang, Bitung, Morotai, Maloy Batuta Trans Kalimantan. Sedangkan dua KEK lainnya yaitu Tanjung Api-Api, dan Sorong dalam proses pembangunan.
Oleh : Hasanuddin Atjo / Kepala Bappeda Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah
Berdasarkan evaluasi kinerjanya, maka ada KEK statusnya berada di jalur lambat, law lane, di jalur cepat, fast lane serta ada pula di jalur supercepat, superfast lane
Satu hal yang menarik dari dinamika perkembangan KEK di Indonesia dan dapat dijadikan contoh, yaitu KEK yang baru saja ditetapkan, namun telah memposisikan dirinya berada di jalur supercepat seperti KEK pariwisata Likupang Sulawesi Utara. Pasalnya aktifitas Pariwisata di daerah itu sebelum ditetapkan sebagai KEK, telah memberikan dampak terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Ini sesuai dengan arah RPJMN sektor Pariwisata 2020-2024 yang berubah arah dari target kunjungan kepada dampak terhadap masyarakat.
Tercatat di tahun 2018, lebih kurang 130 ribu orang wisman asal China berkunjung ke wilayah ini dan setiap wisman membelanjakan uangnya antara 35-40 juta rupiah perkunjungan. Karena itu KEK Likupang mendapat reward dari Pemerintah pusat dengan alokasi APBN 2019- 2024 berjumlah triliunan rupiah guna melengkapi sejumlah infrastruktur seperti bandara, jalan Tol, sampai jembatan penyeberangan dari Bitung ke Pulau Lembeh.
Bergeser ke Jalur Cepat
KEK Palu diresmikan tahun 2014, melalui PP Nomor 31 tahun 2014. Berdasarkan sejumlah tantangan yang terungkap dalam FGD perkembangan KEK Palu, di Restoran Kampoeng Nelayan, 23 September 2019, terkesan KEK ini masih berada di jalur lambat.
Sejumlah faktor ditengarai menjadi penyebab, diantaranya belum fokus, terbatasnya ketersediaan lahan yang telah dibebaskan, supply air bersih serta dukungan bakan baku, utamanya komoditas pangan dan hasil hutan.
Terkait dengan itu, salah satu kesimpulan yang bisa diambil dari FGD itu adalah, bagaimana menyusun skenario mendorong KEK Palu agar segera bergeser dan masuk ke jalur cepat, mengikuti saudara-saudaranya yang sudah berada di jalur itu seperti KEK Mandalika di NTB, Tanjung Lesung di Banten dan Bitung di Manado.
Keunggulan komparatif dan kompetetif yang dimiliki, dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai energi untuk bergeser ke jalur cepat. Diantaranya posisi strategis KEK Palu yang berhadapan langsung dengan ibukota baru di Kalimantan Timur, jarak dengan pelabuhan laut Pantoloan dan badara udara Mutiara Sis Al-Jufrie relatif sangat dekat, tersedianya sumberdaya untuk memproduksi komoditas pangan, serta tersedianya material galian C yang memiliki kuantitas dan kualitas nomor satu untuk menciptakan pertumbuhan ekonomi, pemerataan pembangunan, dan peningkatan daya saing pembangunan infrastruktur Ibukota baru. Bahkan juga dapat menjadi daerah penyangga bagi kebutuhan tenaga kerja.
Fokus dan Terintegrasi
Membangun daya saing kuncinya adalah mengembangkan komoditas atau produk yang pasarnya terbuka dan dekat dengan bahan baku yang berkecukupan, agar terbangun efisiensi dalam proses produksi dan distribusi. Karena itu KEK Palu harus merevitalisasi dirinya agar fokus dan terintegrasi dalam memainkan peran sebagai sebuah kawasan ekonomi khusus industri manufaktur berbasis sumberdaya alam.
KEK Palu diharapkan fokus kepada tiga pilihan yaitu pengembangan industri Precast (Pracetak dan Pratekan), industri Pangan (Perikanan, Pertanian Pangan-Hortikultura, Perkebunan dan Peternakan) dan hasil hutan, serta dapat berperan sebagai penyedia tenaga trampil di Ibukota.
Kebutuhan produk pracetak dan pratekan dan tenaga trampil di sejumlah bidang pembangunan, khususnya di ibukota baru dipastikan akan tinggi. Demikian pula halnya dengan kebutuhan produk pangan dan olahan hasil hutan.
Kalau skenario ini dapat dilakukan, maka nantinya di KEK Palu tidak hanya dibangun industri pengolahan pangan dan hasil hutan, industri precast tertapi juga akan ikut dibangun industri penunjang seperti mesin-mesin pertanian dan perikanan (pompa air, hand tractor, kincir air untuk tambak); pabrik pakan ternak, pabrik plastik sampai kepada industri benih komoditas melalui teknologi tissue culture atau kultur jaringan.
Tambu-Kasimbar
Tambu dan Kasimbar kini menjadi wilayah yang sangat strategis, karena wilayah ini dipersiapkan menjadi penghubung antara ibukota Negara yang baru dengan Kawasan timur Indonesia seperti Papua, Maluku dan Maluku Utara. Dari ibukota Negara kendaraan diangkut menggunakan fery menuju Pelabuhan Tambu di Selat Makassar kabupaten Donggala, selanjutnya kendaraan menggunakan Tol darat Tambu- Kasimbar selama 20 menit dan tiba di Pelabuhan fery Kasimbar, teluk Tomini kabupaten Parigi Moutong dan kemudian menuju ke kawasan timur. Skenario ini juga akan menguntungkan wilayah di sekitar Kawasan teluk Tomini dan teluk Tolo Sulawesi Tengah.
Wilayah Tambu-Kasimbar diprediksi akan menjadi pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi baru. Karena itu badan pengelola KEK Palu dapat memikirkan dan mengantisipasi kemungkinan pembebasan lahan dalam skala yang besar sebagai modal dasar untuk pengembangan.
Boleh jadi wilayah Tambu-Kasimbar ini dapat dipersiapkan menjadi “KEK Palu 2”. Sudah saatnya badan pengelola memanfaatkan regulasi pendanaan KPBU, kerjasama Pemerintah Badan Usaha guna kepentingan pengembangan. Sangat dimungkinkan bank daerah di wilayah timur Indonesia membentuk konsorsium untuk membiaya pembangunan wilayah Tambu-Kasimbar termasuk pelabuhan fery dan tolnya.
Dukungan Gubernur Longki
Dalam sejumlah kesempatan Gubernur Sulawesi Tengah Drs. Longki Djanggola, MSi terus memberikan dukungan terhadap pengembangan KEK Palu.
Salah satu bentuk dukungan itu melalui surat tertanggal 2 September 2019 nomor 621/401/Bappeda yang mengusulkan kepada Presiden Joko Widodo terhadap beberapa hal antara lain: (1) Peningkatan status Jalan Tambu-Kasimbar dari Jalan Provinsi menjadi status Jalan Strategis Nasional. (2) Pembangunan Jalan Tol Tambu-Kasimbar (sekitar 25 km), menghubung kan ibukota Negara dengan Kawasan Timur (ALKI II dan III) melalui integrasi Tol Laut dan Darat.(3) Pembangunan Pelabuhan fery di Tambu (Selat Makassar) dan di Kasimbar (Teluk Tomini) yang di integrasikan dengan Tol darat Tambu-Kasimbar.(4) Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS), yaitu DAS Lariang-Palu dan DAS Parigi Moutong-Poso Kiranya dimasukan sebagai DAS yang Dipulihkan, Mengingat di kedua wilayah tadi semakin sering banjir. (5) Dukungan Revitalisasi Pendidikan Vokasi Sulawesi Tengah, sesuai Inpres no 9 tahun 2016 yang difokuskan pada Bidang Kompentensi Maritim, Pariwisata, Teknologi Rekayasa, Agribisnis dan Agroteknologi, Seni dan Industri Kreatif, serta Energi dan Pertambangan dan, (6) Mengusulkan Universitas Tadulako sebagai Pusat Studi Kegempaan dan Mitigasi Bencana.
Dari sejumlah uraian yang telah dikemukakan di atas, harapan kita tentunya KEK Palu segera bergeser ke Jalur Cepat dan lebih fokus, agar dapat berperan dalam meminimalisir sejumlah permasalahan diantaranya angka kemiskinan dan pengangguran terbuka yang masih tinggi di Sulawesi Tengah. Semoga ***
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